💻Project 5 : Snake Game In Python
Project 5 : Snake Game In Python
This is a Python project that uses the Pygame library to create a simple game where a player controls a snake on a grid. The snake can move in different directions and must eat randomly generated green "snacks" to grow longer. The game continues until the snake hits the boundaries of the grid or runs into itself.
Here's a breakdown of the different components and functionalities in simple English:
-
Importing Libraries: The program starts by importing necessary libraries like
math,random,pygame, andtkinter. -
Setting Up Constants: The game screen is set up with a width of 500 pixels and a height of 500 pixels. The grid is divided into 25 columns and 20 rows.
-
Defining Cube Class: The
cubeclass represents a single unit on the grid. It has properties like position, direction, and color. It can move in different directions and draw itself on the game screen. -
Defining Snake Class: The
snakeclass represents the player-controlled snake. It consists of a series of connected cubes. The snake can move, grow longer when it eats a snack, and restart when it hits the boundaries or itself. -
Game Logic: The main game loop is in the
main()function. It initializes the game window and sets up the snake and a green snack. The loop continues as long as theflagis true. -
Moving the Snake: The snake's movement is controlled using the arrow keys. The
move()method of the snake class updates the position of each cube in the snake's body. -
Handling Collisions: The game checks for collisions with the boundaries and the snake's own body. If the snake collides with a boundary or itself, the game ends and the player's score is displayed. The snake can also collide with the green snack, causing it to grow longer.
-
Drawing the Game: The
redrawWindow()function clears the screen, draws the grid, the snake, and the snack. It updates the game display. -
Running the Game: The
main()function initializes the game window, sets up the snake and the snack, and enters the main game loop. The loop keeps the game running, processing player input and updating the game state.
In summary, this project implements a basic snake game where players control a snake to collect green snacks and avoid collisions. It demonstrates fundamental concepts of game programming, user input handling, collision detection, and graphical rendering using the Pygame library.
Code:
1import math
2import random
3import pygame
4import random
5import tkinter as tk
6from tkinter import messagebox
7
8width = 500
9height = 500
10
11cols = 25
12rows = 20
13
14
15class cube():
16 rows = 20
17 w = 500
18 def __init__(self, start, dirnx=1, dirny=0, color=(255,0,0)):
19 self.pos = start
20 self.dirnx = dirnx
21 self.dirny = dirny # "L", "R", "U", "D"
22 self.color = color
23
24 def move(self, dirnx, dirny):
25 self.dirnx = dirnx
26 self.dirny = dirny
27 self.pos = (self.pos[0] + self.dirnx, self.pos[1] + self.dirny)
28
29
30 def draw(self, surface, eyes=False):
31 dis = self.w // self.rows
32 i = self.pos[0]
33 j = self.pos[1]
34
35 pygame.draw.rect(surface, self.color, (i*dis+1,j*dis+1,dis-2,dis-2))
36 if eyes:
37 centre = dis//2
38 radius = 3
39 circleMiddle = (i*dis+centre-radius,j*dis+8)
40 circleMiddle2 = (i*dis + dis -radius*2, j*dis+8)
41 pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0,0,0), circleMiddle, radius)
42 pygame.draw.circle(surface, (0,0,0), circleMiddle2, radius)
43
44
45
46class snake():
47 body = []
48 turns = {}
49
50 def __init__(self, color, pos):
51 #pos is given as coordinates on the grid ex (1,5)
52 self.color = color
53 self.head = cube(pos)
54 self.body.append(self.head)
55 self.dirnx = 0
56 self.dirny = 1
57
58 def move(self):
59 for event in pygame.event.get():
60 if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
61 pygame.quit()
62 keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
63
64 for key in keys:
65 if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
66 self.dirnx = -1
67 self.dirny = 0
68 self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx,self.dirny]
69 elif keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
70 self.dirnx = 1
71 self.dirny = 0
72 self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx,self.dirny]
73 elif keys[pygame.K_UP]:
74 self.dirny = -1
75 self.dirnx = 0
76 self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx,self.dirny]
77 elif keys[pygame.K_DOWN]:
78 self.dirny = 1
79 self.dirnx = 0
80 self.turns[self.head.pos[:]] = [self.dirnx,self.dirny]
81
82 for i, c in enumerate(self.body):
83 p = c.pos[:]
84 if p in self.turns:
85 turn = self.turns[p]
86 c.move(turn[0], turn[1])
87 if i == len(self.body)-1:
88 self.turns.pop(p)
89 else:
90 c.move(c.dirnx,c.dirny)
91
92
93 def reset(self,pos):
94 self.head = cube(pos)
95 self.body = []
96 self.body.append(self.head)
97 self.turns = {}
98 self.dirnx = 0
99 self.dirny = 1
100
101 def addCube(self):
102 tail = self.body[-1]
103 dx, dy = tail.dirnx, tail.dirny
104
105 if dx == 1 and dy == 0:
106 self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0]-1,tail.pos[1])))
107 elif dx == -1 and dy == 0:
108 self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0]+1,tail.pos[1])))
109 elif dx == 0 and dy == 1:
110 self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0],tail.pos[1]-1)))
111 elif dx == 0 and dy == -1:
112 self.body.append(cube((tail.pos[0],tail.pos[1]+1)))
113
114 self.body[-1].dirnx = dx
115 self.body[-1].dirny = dy
116
117 def draw(self, surface):
118 for i,c in enumerate(self.body):
119 if i == 0:
120 c.draw(surface, True)
121 else:
122 c.draw(surface)
123
124
125
126def redrawWindow():
127 global win
128 win.fill((0,0,0))
129 drawGrid(width, rows, win)
130 s.draw(win)
131 snack.draw(win)
132 pygame.display.update()
133 pass
134
135
136
137def drawGrid(w, rows, surface):
138 sizeBtwn = w // rows
139
140 x = 0
141 y = 0
142 for l in range(rows):
143 x = x + sizeBtwn
144 y = y +sizeBtwn
145
146 pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (x, 0),(x,w))
147 pygame.draw.line(surface, (255,255,255), (0, y),(w,y))
148
149
150
151def randomSnack(rows, item):
152 positions = item.body
153
154 while True:
155 x = random.randrange(1,rows-1)
156 y = random.randrange(1,rows-1)
157 if len(list(filter(lambda z:z.pos == (x,y), positions))) > 0:
158 continue
159 else:
160 break
161
162 return (x,y)
163
164
165def main():
166 global s, snack, win
167 win = pygame.display.set_mode((width,height))
168 s = snake((255,0,0), (10,10))
169 s.addCube()
170 snack = cube(randomSnack(rows,s), color=(0,255,0))
171 flag = True
172 clock = pygame.time.Clock()
173
174 while flag:
175 pygame.time.delay(50)
176 clock.tick(10)
177 s.move()
178 headPos = s.head.pos
179 if headPos[0] >= 20 or headPos[0] < 0 or headPos[1] >= 20 or headPos[1] < 0:
180 print("Score:", len(s.body))
181 s.reset((10, 10))
182
183 if s.body[0].pos == snack.pos:
184 s.addCube()
185 snack = cube(randomSnack(rows,s), color=(0,255,0))
186
187 for x in range(len(s.body)):
188 if s.body[x].pos in list(map(lambda z:z.pos,s.body[x+1:])):
189 print("Score:", len(s.body))
190 s.reset((10,10))
191 break
192
193 redrawWindow()
194
195main()